A Path for Connecting Flows of Value and Forms of Urbanization in Post-1989 Balkans
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14288/acme.v18i6.1828Keywords:
uneven development, urbanization, rate of profit, methodology, Balkans, centralitiesAbstract
Expanded value polarizations are drivers of urbanization; they can be witnessed through their respective urban forms and the particular positions they assert in the city. They also help us grasp the city in its integrity, enabling the articulation of the rest of urban forms. For this, the value flow is divided in its phases -accumulation, circulation and distribution- in order for its respective urban forms to arise, and then it is recomposed again, now on a higher level of understanding of the city’s inner articulation. We propose a methodology in order to spot these flows, then to discern their forms and finally to contemplate on the city as a whole, through the social subjects implicated in expanded capital reproduction. We apply it in cases from the Balkans; the peninsula is a testing ground for scientific approaches and its visible urban polarisations do not leave us indifferent before the social explanation of these phenomena which may refresh urban theory in general.
References
Andrews Dimitrovska, Kaliopa. 2005. Mastering the post-socialist city: impacts on planning the built environment. In, Hamilton F.E.I. (dir.). Transformation of cities in Central and Eastern Europe - towards globalization. Tokyo: United Nations University Press.
Andrusz, Gregory. 2001. Further thoughts on the post-socialist city [on-line]. Consulted on 20 January 2013. http://www.anthropolis.de/andrusz_2.htm#THE%20ENVIRONMENT%20AND%20HOUSING
[ATU] Association for the urban transition. 2011. Audit for the development of Bucharest 1990-2010 [on-line]. Consulted on 21 January 2013. http://www4.pmb.ro/wwwt/achizitii/dap-m/plan_general_mun_bucuresti.php
[Beoland] Belgrade Land Development Public Agency. w.d. Pick your piece of land. Belgrade: Beoland.
Brenner, Robert. 2004. The economics of global turbulence. London: New Left Review.
Chelcea, Liviu. 2008. Postindustrial Bucharest : memory, industrialisation and urban regeneration Iasi: Polirom [in Roumanian].
City of Belgrade. 2008. Development Strategy. Belgrade: PALGO Center.
Dingsdale, Alan. 1999. New Geographies of Post-Socialist Europe. Geographical Journal. Vol 165 (2): 145-153.
Directorate for Economic Planning of BiH. 2012. Bosnia and Herzegovina Economic and Fiscal Programme 2012-2014. Sarajevo: Direction de la planification économique.
Đorđević, Dejan & Dabović, Tijana. 2010. Strategic planning as an instrument of spatial development of Belgrade. In, Dabović, Tijana et al. (dir.). Challenges of spatial development of Ljubljana and Belgrade. Ljubljana: Scientific Publishing House of the Faculty of Arts.
[DRSMB] Regional Directorate of Statistics of the Municipality of Bucharest. 2013. Statistical Yearbook 2012. Bucharest [in Roumanian].
[EAUE] European Academy of Urban Environment. 2003. Twelve Candidate Countries' Overview Report [on-line]. Consulted on 28 January 2013. www.eaue.de/Publikation/Candidate_countries_report.pdf
[ESPON] European Observation Network for Territorial Development and Cohesion. 2011. The Functional Urban Areas Database. Luxemburg: ESPON.
Engels, Friedrich. 1963. Anti-Duhring. Athens: Anagnostidis [in Greek].
Fine, Ben & Alfredo, Saad-Filho. 2010. Marx's capital. London: Pluto Press.
Harvey, David. 2006. The limits to capital. London: Verso.
Healey, Patsy. 2004. The Treatment of Space and Place in the New Strategic Spatial Planning in Europe. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research. Vol 28 (1): 45-67.
Hudson, Ray. 2015. Uneven development, socio-spatial polarisation, political responses [on-line]. Consulted on 30 January 2018. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ray_Hudson
Ilyenkov, Evald. 1960. Dialectics of the Abstract & the Concrete in Marx’s Capital [on-line]. Consulted on 10 septmbre 2014. http://www.marxists.org/archive/ilyenkov/works/abstract/
Ilyenkov, Evald. 1983. Dialectic Logic. Athens: Gutenberg [in Greek].
[INS] Statistical National Institute of Romania. 2013. Census of population and residence 2011. Bucharest: INS [in Roumanian].
Jacobs, Jane. 1992. The death and life of great American cities. New York: Vintage Books.
Komninos, Nikos. 1986. Theory of Urbanity Vol II. Athens: Sigxrona Themata [in Greek].
Lefebvre, Henri. 1991. The production of space. Oxford: Blackwell.
Leontidou, Lila. 1990. The Mediterranean city in transition: social change and urban development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Mandel, Ernest. 1973. Marxist Economic Theory Vol 2. Athens: Epistimonikes Meletes [in Greek].
Mandel, Ernest. 1984. The Inconsistencies of State Capitalism. Athens: Protoporiaki Vivliothiki [in Greek].
Mandel, Ernest. 2004. Late Capitalism. Athens: Ergatiki Pali [in Greek].
Marcińczak, Szymon, Michael, Gentile, Samuel, Rufat & Liviu, Chelcea. 2013. Urban Geographies of Hesitant Transition: Tracing Socioeconomic Segregation in Post-Ceauşescu Bucharest. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research. No 5.
Marx, Karl, Ernest, Mandel & Ben, Fowkes. 1976. Capital: a critique of political economy Vol 1. New York, N.Y.: Penguin Books.
Marx, Karl & Martin, Nicolaus. 1993. Grundrisse: foundations of the critique of political economy (rough draft). London: Penguin Books en association avec New Left Review.
Martens, Karel. 2017. Transport Justice. New York: Routledge.
[METREX] The Network of European Metropolitan Regions and Areas. w.d. Urban Region of Sofia [on-line]. Consulted on 10 November 2013. http://www.eurometrex.org/Docs/eAtlas/SOFIA__eAtlas.pdf
Musil, Jiri. 1980. Urbanization in Socialist Countries. White Plains N.Y.: Shape.
Sofia Municipality. 2008. A new European vision for Sofia [electronic document delivered personally by the Municipality]
Novack, George-Edward. 1972. Understanding history; Marxist essays [on-line]. Consulted on 11 December 2012. http://www.marxists.org
Sofia Development Organization. 2013. Sharing Sofia. Sofia: Sofia Development Organization.
Pain, Kathy & Peter, Hall. 2006. Flows and relationships: internal and external linkages. In, Hall, Peter & Kathy, Pain. The polycentric metropolis-learning from mega-city regions in Europe. London: Earthscan.
Petsimeris, Petros. 1998. London: Ethnic and Social Division of a World City. Ekistics. No 388/390: 95-106.
Pickvance, Chris. 2002. State socialism, post-socialism and their urban patterns: theorising the Central and Eastern European experience. In, Eade, J. & C., Mele. (dir.). Understanding the city: contemporary and future perspectives. Oxford: Blackwell.
Plevris, Kostis. 2016. Le développement inégal dans les Balkans; des nouvelles centralités urbaines et des formes d'inégalité dans la période post-1989. PhD Thesis, Université Paris 1 – Panthéon-Sorbonne. Available on line at: https://univ-paris1.academia.edu/KostisPlevris
Plevris, Kostis. 2019. Uneven development in the Balkans after 1989: international outflow of values and urbanization. Geographies. Vol. 35 [in Greek].
Roberts, Michael. 2011. Measuring the rate of profit and profit cycles [on-line]. Consulted on 20 January 2018. https://thenextrecession.wordpress.com/2011/07/29/measuring-the-rate-of-profit-and-profit-cycles/
Rossi, Aldo. 1982. The architecture of the city. Cambridge, Massachusetts and London, England: The MIT Press.
[RIMED] Regional Integration and Metropolitan Development of SE Europe. s.d. Social Characteristics and Social Dynamics of Skopje, Sofia, Tirana and Thessalonica. Volos: Université de Thessaly.
Rufat, Samuel. 2004. Les 'résidences fermées' à Bucharest: de 'l'entre-soi' à la fragmentation? Arches. Vol 6.
Sap, Herwin. 2002. Corridors and/or linear cities; a historic contribution to the contemporary discussion on corridor development [on-line]. Consulted on 28 May 2019. http://www.has-architectuur.nl/res/paper[jds12].pdf
Sarigianis, Giorgos. 1993. The primitive urbanization in the Greek area during the second millennium BC. Athens: Dodoni [in Greek].
Sassen, Saskia. 2000. Cities in a world economy. Thousand Oaks, California: Pine Forge Press.
Sève, Lucien. 1978. Man in marxist theory and the psychology of personality. Sussex: Harvester Press.
Smith, Adrian. 1997. Breaking the old and constructing the new? Geographies of uneven development in Central and Eastern Europe. In, Lee, Roger & Jane, Wills. (dir.). Geographies of economies. London: Arnold.
Smith, Neil. 1984. Uneven development: nature, capital and the production of space. New York, NY: Blackwell.
Sofproject. 2009. Master Plan of Sofia Municipality [on-line]. Consulted on 10 January 2019. http://www.sofproect.com/default.aspx?AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1
[SORS] Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. 2012. Municipalities and regions of the Republic of Serbia 2012. Belgrade: SORS.
Stamenković, Srboljub & Dragica, Gatarić. 2010. Daily urban system of Belgrade. In, Dabović, Tijana et al. Challenges of spatial development of Ljubljana and Belgrade. Ljubljana: Scientific Publishing House of the Faculty of Arts.
Suditu, Bogdan. 2006. Residential Mobility of Bucharest’s population. PhD Thesis. University of Bucharest. Bucharest: Faculty of Geography.
Suditu, Bogdan. 2012. Urban Sprawl - The Legal Context and Territorial Practices in Romania. Human Geographies. Vol 6 (1): 73-77.
[SYB] Statistical Yearbook of Belgrade. 2012. Statistical Yearbook of Belgrade. Belgrade: Statistical Yearbook of Belgrade.
Szelenyi, Ivan. 1996. Cities under socialism -and after. In: Andrusz, Gregory D., Michael, Harloe & Iván, Szelényi. (dir.). Cities after socialism: urban and regional change and conflict in post-socialist societies. Oxford: Blackwell.
Todorova, Mariia Nikolaeva. 1997. Imagining the Balkans. New York: Oxford University Press.
Tošić, Branka & Zora, Živanović. 2010. Spatial-funcitonal transformations of the metropolitan area of Belgrade. In, Dabović, Tijana et al. Challenges of spatial development of Ljubljana and Belgrade. Ljubljana: Scientific Publishing House of the Faculty of Arts.
Andrusz, Gregory. 2001. Further thoughts on the post-socialist city [on-line]. Consulted on 20 January 2013. http://www.anthropolis.de/andrusz_2.htm#THE%20ENVIRONMENT%20AND%20HOUSING
[ATU] Association for the urban transition. 2011. Audit for the development of Bucharest 1990-2010 [on-line]. Consulted on 21 January 2013. http://www4.pmb.ro/wwwt/achizitii/dap-m/plan_general_mun_bucuresti.php
[Beoland] Belgrade Land Development Public Agency. w.d. Pick your piece of land. Belgrade: Beoland.
Brenner, Robert. 2004. The economics of global turbulence. London: New Left Review.
Chelcea, Liviu. 2008. Postindustrial Bucharest : memory, industrialisation and urban regeneration Iasi: Polirom [in Roumanian].
City of Belgrade. 2008. Development Strategy. Belgrade: PALGO Center.
Dingsdale, Alan. 1999. New Geographies of Post-Socialist Europe. Geographical Journal. Vol 165 (2): 145-153.
Directorate for Economic Planning of BiH. 2012. Bosnia and Herzegovina Economic and Fiscal Programme 2012-2014. Sarajevo: Direction de la planification économique.
Đorđević, Dejan & Dabović, Tijana. 2010. Strategic planning as an instrument of spatial development of Belgrade. In, Dabović, Tijana et al. (dir.). Challenges of spatial development of Ljubljana and Belgrade. Ljubljana: Scientific Publishing House of the Faculty of Arts.
[DRSMB] Regional Directorate of Statistics of the Municipality of Bucharest. 2013. Statistical Yearbook 2012. Bucharest [in Roumanian].
[EAUE] European Academy of Urban Environment. 2003. Twelve Candidate Countries' Overview Report [on-line]. Consulted on 28 January 2013. www.eaue.de/Publikation/Candidate_countries_report.pdf
[ESPON] European Observation Network for Territorial Development and Cohesion. 2011. The Functional Urban Areas Database. Luxemburg: ESPON.
Engels, Friedrich. 1963. Anti-Duhring. Athens: Anagnostidis [in Greek].
Fine, Ben & Alfredo, Saad-Filho. 2010. Marx's capital. London: Pluto Press.
Harvey, David. 2006. The limits to capital. London: Verso.
Healey, Patsy. 2004. The Treatment of Space and Place in the New Strategic Spatial Planning in Europe. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research. Vol 28 (1): 45-67.
Hudson, Ray. 2015. Uneven development, socio-spatial polarisation, political responses [on-line]. Consulted on 30 January 2018. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ray_Hudson
Ilyenkov, Evald. 1960. Dialectics of the Abstract & the Concrete in Marx’s Capital [on-line]. Consulted on 10 septmbre 2014. http://www.marxists.org/archive/ilyenkov/works/abstract/
Ilyenkov, Evald. 1983. Dialectic Logic. Athens: Gutenberg [in Greek].
[INS] Statistical National Institute of Romania. 2013. Census of population and residence 2011. Bucharest: INS [in Roumanian].
Jacobs, Jane. 1992. The death and life of great American cities. New York: Vintage Books.
Komninos, Nikos. 1986. Theory of Urbanity Vol II. Athens: Sigxrona Themata [in Greek].
Lefebvre, Henri. 1991. The production of space. Oxford: Blackwell.
Leontidou, Lila. 1990. The Mediterranean city in transition: social change and urban development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Mandel, Ernest. 1973. Marxist Economic Theory Vol 2. Athens: Epistimonikes Meletes [in Greek].
Mandel, Ernest. 1984. The Inconsistencies of State Capitalism. Athens: Protoporiaki Vivliothiki [in Greek].
Mandel, Ernest. 2004. Late Capitalism. Athens: Ergatiki Pali [in Greek].
Marcińczak, Szymon, Michael, Gentile, Samuel, Rufat & Liviu, Chelcea. 2013. Urban Geographies of Hesitant Transition: Tracing Socioeconomic Segregation in Post-Ceauşescu Bucharest. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research. No 5.
Marx, Karl, Ernest, Mandel & Ben, Fowkes. 1976. Capital: a critique of political economy Vol 1. New York, N.Y.: Penguin Books.
Marx, Karl & Martin, Nicolaus. 1993. Grundrisse: foundations of the critique of political economy (rough draft). London: Penguin Books en association avec New Left Review.
Martens, Karel. 2017. Transport Justice. New York: Routledge.
[METREX] The Network of European Metropolitan Regions and Areas. w.d. Urban Region of Sofia [on-line]. Consulted on 10 November 2013. http://www.eurometrex.org/Docs/eAtlas/SOFIA__eAtlas.pdf
Musil, Jiri. 1980. Urbanization in Socialist Countries. White Plains N.Y.: Shape.
Sofia Municipality. 2008. A new European vision for Sofia [electronic document delivered personally by the Municipality]
Novack, George-Edward. 1972. Understanding history; Marxist essays [on-line]. Consulted on 11 December 2012. http://www.marxists.org
Sofia Development Organization. 2013. Sharing Sofia. Sofia: Sofia Development Organization.
Pain, Kathy & Peter, Hall. 2006. Flows and relationships: internal and external linkages. In, Hall, Peter & Kathy, Pain. The polycentric metropolis-learning from mega-city regions in Europe. London: Earthscan.
Petsimeris, Petros. 1998. London: Ethnic and Social Division of a World City. Ekistics. No 388/390: 95-106.
Pickvance, Chris. 2002. State socialism, post-socialism and their urban patterns: theorising the Central and Eastern European experience. In, Eade, J. & C., Mele. (dir.). Understanding the city: contemporary and future perspectives. Oxford: Blackwell.
Plevris, Kostis. 2016. Le développement inégal dans les Balkans; des nouvelles centralités urbaines et des formes d'inégalité dans la période post-1989. PhD Thesis, Université Paris 1 – Panthéon-Sorbonne. Available on line at: https://univ-paris1.academia.edu/KostisPlevris
Plevris, Kostis. 2019. Uneven development in the Balkans after 1989: international outflow of values and urbanization. Geographies. Vol. 35 [in Greek].
Roberts, Michael. 2011. Measuring the rate of profit and profit cycles [on-line]. Consulted on 20 January 2018. https://thenextrecession.wordpress.com/2011/07/29/measuring-the-rate-of-profit-and-profit-cycles/
Rossi, Aldo. 1982. The architecture of the city. Cambridge, Massachusetts and London, England: The MIT Press.
[RIMED] Regional Integration and Metropolitan Development of SE Europe. s.d. Social Characteristics and Social Dynamics of Skopje, Sofia, Tirana and Thessalonica. Volos: Université de Thessaly.
Rufat, Samuel. 2004. Les 'résidences fermées' à Bucharest: de 'l'entre-soi' à la fragmentation? Arches. Vol 6.
Sap, Herwin. 2002. Corridors and/or linear cities; a historic contribution to the contemporary discussion on corridor development [on-line]. Consulted on 28 May 2019. http://www.has-architectuur.nl/res/paper[jds12].pdf
Sarigianis, Giorgos. 1993. The primitive urbanization in the Greek area during the second millennium BC. Athens: Dodoni [in Greek].
Sassen, Saskia. 2000. Cities in a world economy. Thousand Oaks, California: Pine Forge Press.
Sève, Lucien. 1978. Man in marxist theory and the psychology of personality. Sussex: Harvester Press.
Smith, Adrian. 1997. Breaking the old and constructing the new? Geographies of uneven development in Central and Eastern Europe. In, Lee, Roger & Jane, Wills. (dir.). Geographies of economies. London: Arnold.
Smith, Neil. 1984. Uneven development: nature, capital and the production of space. New York, NY: Blackwell.
Sofproject. 2009. Master Plan of Sofia Municipality [on-line]. Consulted on 10 January 2019. http://www.sofproect.com/default.aspx?AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1
[SORS] Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. 2012. Municipalities and regions of the Republic of Serbia 2012. Belgrade: SORS.
Stamenković, Srboljub & Dragica, Gatarić. 2010. Daily urban system of Belgrade. In, Dabović, Tijana et al. Challenges of spatial development of Ljubljana and Belgrade. Ljubljana: Scientific Publishing House of the Faculty of Arts.
Suditu, Bogdan. 2006. Residential Mobility of Bucharest’s population. PhD Thesis. University of Bucharest. Bucharest: Faculty of Geography.
Suditu, Bogdan. 2012. Urban Sprawl - The Legal Context and Territorial Practices in Romania. Human Geographies. Vol 6 (1): 73-77.
[SYB] Statistical Yearbook of Belgrade. 2012. Statistical Yearbook of Belgrade. Belgrade: Statistical Yearbook of Belgrade.
Szelenyi, Ivan. 1996. Cities under socialism -and after. In: Andrusz, Gregory D., Michael, Harloe & Iván, Szelényi. (dir.). Cities after socialism: urban and regional change and conflict in post-socialist societies. Oxford: Blackwell.
Todorova, Mariia Nikolaeva. 1997. Imagining the Balkans. New York: Oxford University Press.
Tošić, Branka & Zora, Živanović. 2010. Spatial-funcitonal transformations of the metropolitan area of Belgrade. In, Dabović, Tijana et al. Challenges of spatial development of Ljubljana and Belgrade. Ljubljana: Scientific Publishing House of the Faculty of Arts.
Downloads
Published
2019-12-16
How to Cite
Plevris, K. (2019). A Path for Connecting Flows of Value and Forms of Urbanization in Post-1989 Balkans. ACME: An International Journal for Critical Geographies, 18(6), 1234–1260. https://doi.org/10.14288/acme.v18i6.1828
Issue
Section
Research
License
Authors agree to publish their articles in ACME under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-
