Exclusión y desigualdad en localidades próximas a la Reserva Ecológica Privada Huilo-Huilo en el sur de Chile
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14288/acme.v18i2.1591Keywords:
acaparamiento verde, conservación neoliberal, turismo ecológico, Huilo-Huilo, ChileAbstract
This paper examines the relationship between Huilo-Huilo Biological Reserve and the villages of Neltume and Puerto Fuy, located at the northwestern edge of the Municipality of Panguipulli in Southern Chile. This private reserve was created in 1994 and, besides being an important area of environmental conservation that includes about 100,000 hectares of Patagonian forest, has also been positioned as an outstanding development project based on sustainable ecological tourism. The results of our study show new forms of social exclusion and inequality derived from the process of land grabbing and tourism expansion in Neltume and Puerto Fuy. Considering the findings, we concluded that this form of green hoarding not only reflects a monopolistic commodification over nature; it also has repercussions on the production of knowledge and the configuration of new identities according to the interests of the Huilo-Huilo enterprise.
References
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Borras Jr., Saturnino, Cristóbal Kay, Sergio Gómez y John Wilkinson. 2013. Acaparamiento de tierras y acumulación capitalista: aspectos clave en América Latina. Revista Interdisciplinaria de Estudios Agrarios 38, 75-103.
Borzutzky, Silvia. 2005. From Chicago to Santiago: Neoliberalism and social security privatization in Chile. Governance, 18(4), 655-674.
Brockington, Dan. 2011. Ecosystem services and fictitious commodities. Environmental conservation 38(4), 367-369.
Brockington, Dan y Rosaleen Duffy. 2010. Capitalism and Conservation: The Production and Reproduction of Biodiversity Conservation. Antipode 42(3), 469-484.
Brockington, Dan, Rosaleen Duffy y Jim Igoe. 2008. Nature Unbound: Conservation, Capitalism and the Future of Protected Areas. London-Sterling, Va: Earthscan.
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Büscher, Bram. 2013. Transforming the frontier: peace parks and the politics of neoliberal conservation in Southern Africa. Durham-London: Duke University Press.
Büscher, Bram. 2009. Letters of gold: Enabling primitive accumulation through neoliberal conservation. Human Geography 2(3), 91-93.
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Castree, Noel. 2008. Neoliberalising nature: the logics of deregulation and reregulation. Environment and planning A 40(1), 131-152.
Castree, Noel. 2003. Commodifying what nature? Progress in human geography 27(3), 273-297.
Corson, Catherine, Kenneth MacDonald y Benjamin Neimark. 2013. Grabbing green: markets, environmental governance and the materialization of natural capital. Human Geography 6(1), 1-15.
De Matheus e Silva, Luis Fernando, Hugo Marcelo Zunino y Viviana Huiliñir-Curío. 2018. El negocio de la conservación ambiental: cómo la naturaleza se ha convertido en una nueva estrategia de acumulación capitalista en la zona andino-lacustre de Los Ríos, sur de Chile. Scripta Nova: revista electrónica de geografía y ciencias sociales 22.
De Matheus e Silva, Luis. 2016. Desposeer para acumular: reflexiones sobre las contradicciones del proceso de modernización neoliberal de la agricultura chilena. Mundo Agrario 17(35), 1-28. Recuperado de http://www.mundoagrario.unlp.edu.ar/article/view/MAv17n34a07
Devine, Jennifer. 2016. Colonizing space and commodifying place: tourism’s violent geographies. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 25(5), 634-650.
Di Giminiani, Piergiorgio. 2018. Entrepreneurs in the making: indigenous entrepreneurship and the governance of hope in Chile. Latin American and Caribbean Ethnic Studies: 1-23.
Dressler, Wolfram y Robin Roth. 2011. The good, the bad, and the contradictory: neoliberal conservation governance in rural Southeast Asia. World Development 39(5), 851-862.
Duffy, Rosaleen. 2013. The international political economy of tourism and the neoliberalisation of nature: Challenges posed by selling close interactions with animals. Review of International Political Economy 20(3), 605-626.
Duffy, Rosaleen. 2008. Neoliberalising nature: global networks and ecotourism development in Madagascar. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 16(3), 327-344.
Durand, Leticia. (2014). ¿Todos ganan? Neoliberalismo, naturaleza y conservación en México. Sociológica (México) 29(82), 183-223.
Fairhead, James, Melissa Leach y Ian Scoones. 2012. Green Grabbing: a new appropriation of nature? Journal of Peasant Studies 39(2), 237-261.
Ferguson, James. (2010). The uses of neoliberalism. Antipode 41: 166-184.
Fernández, Flory. 2002. El análisis de contenido como ayuda metodológica para la investigación. Revista de Ciencias Sociales 96(2):35-53.
Fernández, Francisco e Iser Estrada. 2014. Esencialización y espectacularización de lo maya. Turismo voluntario y étnico en una comunidad Yucateca. Península 9(1), 9-31.
Fletcher, Robert. 2012. Using the master's tools? Neoliberal conservation and the evasion of inequality. Development and Change 43(1), 295-317.
Fletcher, Robert. 2010. Neoliberal environmentality: towards a poststructuralist political ecology of the conservation debate. Conservation and society 8(3), 171-181.
Gururani, Shubhra, y Peter Vandergeest. 2014. Introduction: new frontiers of ecological knowledge: co-producing knowledge and governance in Asia. Conservation and Society 12(4):343-351.
Harvey, David. 2005. A brief History of Neoliberalism. New York: Oxford University Press.
Harvey, David. 2004. El nuevo imperialismo. Madrid: Akal.
Harvey, David. 1996. Justice, Nature & the Geography of Difference. Oxford: Blackwell.
Harvey, David. 1982. The limits to capital. London: Blackwell.
Holmes, George. 2015. Markets, nature, neoliberalism and conservation through private protected areas in southern Chile. Environment and Planning A 47(4), 850-866.
Holmes, George. 2014. What is land grab? Exploring green grabs, conservation, and private protected areas in southern Chile. Journal of Peasant Studies 41(4), 547-567.
Holmes, George y Connor Cavanagh. 2016. A review of the social impacts of neoliberal conservation: Formations, inequalities, contestations. Geoforum 75, 199-209.
Hora, Benedikt. 2018. Private Protection Initiatives in Mountain Areas of Southern Chile and Their Perceived Impact on Local Development—The Case of Pumalín Park. Sustainability 10(5):1584.
Hora, Benedikt. 2017. Do large private protected areas contribute to sustainable development? A case study from the
Huilo Huilo Biological Reserve in Neltume, Chile. J. Prot. Mt. Areas Res 9:5-14.
Igoe, Jim y Dan Brockington. 2007. Neoliberal conservation: a brief introduction. Conservation and society 5(4), 432-449.
Leach, Melissa, James Fairhead, James Fraser. 2012. Green grabs and biochar: revaluing African soils and farming in the new carbon economy. Journal of Peasant Studies 39, 285-307.
López, Ángeles y Gustavo Marín. 2010. Turismo, capitalismo y producción de lo exótico: Una perspectiva crítica para el estudio de la mercantilización del espacio y la cultura. Relaciones. Estudios de historia y sociedad 31(123), 219-258.
MacDonald, Kenneth Iain. (2010). Business, biodiversity and new ‘fields’ of conservation: The world conservation congress and the renegotiation of organisational order. Conservation and Society 8(4):256-275.
Martínez-Salgado, Carolina. 2012. El muestreo en investigación cualitativa: principios básicos y algunas controversias. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 17:613-619.
Marx, Karl. 2008 [1867]. El Capital. Crítica de la economía política del proceso de producción capitalista. Libro primero. México, DF: Siglo Veintiuno Editores.
Mondaca, Eduardo. 2013. Los despojados por el conservacionismo: el caso del pueblo Williche de Chiloé. Revista Lider 23, 133-148.
Nuñez, Andrés, Enrique Aliste y Álvaro Bello. 2014. El discurso del desarrollo en Patagonia-Aysén: la conservación y la protección de la naturaleza como dispositivos de una renovada colonización. Chile, siglos XX-XXI. Scripta nova. Revista electrónica de geografía y ciencias sociales 18(493). Recuperado de http://www.ub.edu/geocrit//sn/sn-493/493-46.pdf
Ojeda, Diana. 2012. Green pretexts: Ecotourism, neoliberal conservation and land grabbing in Tayrona National Natural Park, Colombia. Journal of Peasant Studies 39(2), 357-375.
Pauchard, Anibal y Pablo Villarroel. 2002. Protected areas in Chile. History, Current state and Challenges. Natural Areas Journal 22(4), 318-330.
Pokorny, Benno, James Johnson, Gabriel Medina y Lisa Hoch. 2012. Market-based conservation of the Amazon Forest: Revisiting Win-Win Expectations. Geoforum 43(3), 387-341.
Portes, Alejandro y Bryan Roberts. 2005. The free-market city: Latin American urbanization in the years of the neoliberal experiment. Studies in Comparative International Development 40(1), 43-82.
Quintana, Jesus y Stephen Morse. 2005. Social interactions and resource ownership in two private protected areas of Paraguay. Journal of Environmental management 77(1):64-78.
Rivera, Claudio y Arturo Vallejos-Romero. 2015. La privatización de la conservación en Chile: repensando la gobernanza ambiental. Bosque 36(1), 15-25.
Robbins, Paul. 2004. Political Ecology: A Critical Introduction. Blackwell Publishers.
Rocheleau, Dianne. 2015. Networked, rooted and territorial: green grabbing and resistance in Chiapas. Journal of Peasant Studies 42(3-4), 695-723.
Santos, María Inés. 2014. Viabilidad de la ganadería familiar en áreas protegidas de humedales, en un contexto sinérgico de intensificación agraria e inundaciones: Parque Nacional Esteros de Farrapos-Uruguay. Tesis de Doctorado. Córdoba, España: Instituto de Sociología y Estudios Campesinos, Universidad de Córdoba.
Sepúlveda, Claudia. 2004. ¿Cuánto hemos avanzado en conservación privada de la biodiversidad?: el aporte de las Áreas Protegidas Privadas en perspectiva. Revista Ambiente y Desarrollo 20, 75-79.
Sepúlveda, Claudia. 2003. Conservación de la biodiversidad en Chile: Actores y territorio, la conectividad que falta. Revista Austral de Ciencias Sociales (7), 111-128.
Sepúlveda, Claudia y Diego García. 1997. Cooperación público-privada como estrategia para la conservación de la biodiversidad en Chile. Revista Ambiente y Desarrollo 13(2), 59-68.
Sepúlveda, Claudia y Pablo Villaroel. 2006. Servicios ecosistémicos y financiamiento de la conservación privada en Chile. Revista ambiente y desarrollo 22(1), 12-20.
Serenari, Christopher, Nils Peterson, Tim Wallace y Paulina Stowhas. (2017). Indigenous perspectives on private protected areas in Chile. Natural Areas Journal, 37(1), 98-107.
Serenari, Christopher, Nils Peterson, Tim Wallace y Paulina Stowhas. 2016. Private protected areas, ecotourism development and impacts on local people’s well-being: a review from case studies in Southern Chile. Journal of sustainable tourism, 1-19. doi: 10.1080/09669582.2016.1178755
Serenari, Christopher, Nils Peterson, Yu-Fai Leung, Paulina Stowhas, Tim Wallace y Erin O. Sills. (2015). Private development-based forest conservation in Patagonia: Comparing mental models and revealing cultural truths. Ecology & Society, 20(3):4.
Smith, Neil. 2010. Uneven development: Nature, capital, and the production of space. Atlanta, GA: University of Georgia Press.
Sullivan, Sian. 2006. Elephant in the room? Problematising ‘new’(neoliberal) biodiversity conservation. Forum for Development Studies 33(1), 105-135.
Tecklin, David y Claudia Sepúlveda. 2014. The diverse properties of private land conservation in chile: growth and barriers to private protected areas in a market-friendly context. Conservation and Society 12(2), 203-217.
Teillier, Sebastián, Jorge Macaya-Berti, Catherinne Bonnemaison y Alicia Marticorena. 2013. Contribución al conocimiento de la flora vascular de la Reserva Biológica Huilo Huilo, Región de Los Ríos, Chile. Gayana. Botánica 70(2), 195-235.
Van Dyke, Fred. 2008. Conservation biology: foundations, concepts, applications. Netherlands: Springer Science & Business Media.
Zimmerer, Karl. (2000). The reworking of conservation geographies: Nonequilibrium landscapes and nature‐society hybrids. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 90(2), 356-369.
Zunino, Hugo. 2006. Power relations in urban decision-making: Neo-liberalism, 'Techno-politicians' and authoritarian redevelopment in Santiago, Chile. Urban Studies 43(10), 1825-1846.
Zunino, Hugo y Rodrigo Hidalgo. 2010. En busca de la utopía verde: migrantes de amenidad en la comuna de pucón, IX Región de La Araucanía, Chile. Scripta Nova, Revista Electrónica de Geografía y Ciencias Sociales 14(331):75.
Zumelzu, Lorena. 2014. Neltume, de una economía maderera a enclave del turismo de conservación: Una aproximación a las transformaciones económicas y socio-ambientales. Tesis de Grado. Valdivia, Chile: Instituto de Historia y Ciencias Sociales, Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades, Universidad Austral de Chile.
Alfaro, Karen. 2016. Acumulación por desposesión en Chile: el caso del complejo forestall y maderero Panguipulli en el sur de Chile. Historia 396 6(2), 229-255.
Arsel, Murat & Bram Büscher. 2012. Nature™ Inc.: Changes and continuities in neoliberal conservation and market-based environmental policy. Development and Change 43(1), 53-78.
Barney, Keith. 2014. Ecological knowledge and the making of plantation concession territories in southern Laos. Conservation and Society 12(4):352-363.
Benjaminsen, Tor & Ian Bryceson. 2012. Conservation, green/blue grabbing and accumulation by dispossession in Tanzania. Journal of Peasant Studies 39(2), 335-355.
Blomley, Nicholas. 2015. The ties that blind: making fee simple in the British Columbia Treaty process. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 40(2), 168-179.
Blomley, Nicholas. 2008. Enclosure, common right and the property of the poor. Social & Legal Studies 17(3), 311-331.
Borras Jr., Saturnino, Cristóbal Kay, Sergio Gómez y John Wilkinson. 2013. Acaparamiento de tierras y acumulación capitalista: aspectos clave en América Latina. Revista Interdisciplinaria de Estudios Agrarios 38, 75-103.
Borzutzky, Silvia. 2005. From Chicago to Santiago: Neoliberalism and social security privatization in Chile. Governance, 18(4), 655-674.
Brockington, Dan. 2011. Ecosystem services and fictitious commodities. Environmental conservation 38(4), 367-369.
Brockington, Dan y Rosaleen Duffy. 2010. Capitalism and Conservation: The Production and Reproduction of Biodiversity Conservation. Antipode 42(3), 469-484.
Brockington, Dan, Rosaleen Duffy y Jim Igoe. 2008. Nature Unbound: Conservation, Capitalism and the Future of Protected Areas. London-Sterling, Va: Earthscan.
Braun, Bruce. 2006. Environmental issues: global natures in the space of assemblage. Progress in Human Geography 30(5), 644-654.
Büscher, Bram, y Webster Whande. 2007. "Whims of the winds of time? Emerging trends in biodiversity conservation and protected area management." Conservation and Society 5: 22-43.
Büscher, Bram. 2013. Transforming the frontier: peace parks and the politics of neoliberal conservation in Southern Africa. Durham-London: Duke University Press.
Büscher, Bram. 2009. Letters of gold: Enabling primitive accumulation through neoliberal conservation. Human Geography 2(3), 91-93.
Bustos, Beatriz, Manuel Prieto y Jonathan Barton. 2015. Ecología Política: naturaleza, propiedad, conocimiento y poder. En, Beatriz Bustos, Manuel Prieto y Jonathan (Comps.), Ecología Política en Chile: naturaleza, propiedad, conocimiento y poder. Santiago de Chile: Editorial Universitaria, pp. 15-59.
Castree, Noel. 2011. Nature and society. In, John Agnew & David Livingstone (eds.), The Sage Handbook of Geographical Knowledge. London: Sage, pp. 287-299.
Castree, Noel. 2008. Neoliberalising nature: the logics of deregulation and reregulation. Environment and planning A 40(1), 131-152.
Castree, Noel. 2003. Commodifying what nature? Progress in human geography 27(3), 273-297.
Corson, Catherine, Kenneth MacDonald y Benjamin Neimark. 2013. Grabbing green: markets, environmental governance and the materialization of natural capital. Human Geography 6(1), 1-15.
De Matheus e Silva, Luis Fernando, Hugo Marcelo Zunino y Viviana Huiliñir-Curío. 2018. El negocio de la conservación ambiental: cómo la naturaleza se ha convertido en una nueva estrategia de acumulación capitalista en la zona andino-lacustre de Los Ríos, sur de Chile. Scripta Nova: revista electrónica de geografía y ciencias sociales 22.
De Matheus e Silva, Luis. 2016. Desposeer para acumular: reflexiones sobre las contradicciones del proceso de modernización neoliberal de la agricultura chilena. Mundo Agrario 17(35), 1-28. Recuperado de http://www.mundoagrario.unlp.edu.ar/article/view/MAv17n34a07
Devine, Jennifer. 2016. Colonizing space and commodifying place: tourism’s violent geographies. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 25(5), 634-650.
Di Giminiani, Piergiorgio. 2018. Entrepreneurs in the making: indigenous entrepreneurship and the governance of hope in Chile. Latin American and Caribbean Ethnic Studies: 1-23.
Dressler, Wolfram y Robin Roth. 2011. The good, the bad, and the contradictory: neoliberal conservation governance in rural Southeast Asia. World Development 39(5), 851-862.
Duffy, Rosaleen. 2013. The international political economy of tourism and the neoliberalisation of nature: Challenges posed by selling close interactions with animals. Review of International Political Economy 20(3), 605-626.
Duffy, Rosaleen. 2008. Neoliberalising nature: global networks and ecotourism development in Madagascar. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 16(3), 327-344.
Durand, Leticia. (2014). ¿Todos ganan? Neoliberalismo, naturaleza y conservación en México. Sociológica (México) 29(82), 183-223.
Fairhead, James, Melissa Leach y Ian Scoones. 2012. Green Grabbing: a new appropriation of nature? Journal of Peasant Studies 39(2), 237-261.
Ferguson, James. (2010). The uses of neoliberalism. Antipode 41: 166-184.
Fernández, Flory. 2002. El análisis de contenido como ayuda metodológica para la investigación. Revista de Ciencias Sociales 96(2):35-53.
Fernández, Francisco e Iser Estrada. 2014. Esencialización y espectacularización de lo maya. Turismo voluntario y étnico en una comunidad Yucateca. Península 9(1), 9-31.
Fletcher, Robert. 2012. Using the master's tools? Neoliberal conservation and the evasion of inequality. Development and Change 43(1), 295-317.
Fletcher, Robert. 2010. Neoliberal environmentality: towards a poststructuralist political ecology of the conservation debate. Conservation and society 8(3), 171-181.
Gururani, Shubhra, y Peter Vandergeest. 2014. Introduction: new frontiers of ecological knowledge: co-producing knowledge and governance in Asia. Conservation and Society 12(4):343-351.
Harvey, David. 2005. A brief History of Neoliberalism. New York: Oxford University Press.
Harvey, David. 2004. El nuevo imperialismo. Madrid: Akal.
Harvey, David. 1996. Justice, Nature & the Geography of Difference. Oxford: Blackwell.
Harvey, David. 1982. The limits to capital. London: Blackwell.
Holmes, George. 2015. Markets, nature, neoliberalism and conservation through private protected areas in southern Chile. Environment and Planning A 47(4), 850-866.
Holmes, George. 2014. What is land grab? Exploring green grabs, conservation, and private protected areas in southern Chile. Journal of Peasant Studies 41(4), 547-567.
Holmes, George y Connor Cavanagh. 2016. A review of the social impacts of neoliberal conservation: Formations, inequalities, contestations. Geoforum 75, 199-209.
Hora, Benedikt. 2018. Private Protection Initiatives in Mountain Areas of Southern Chile and Their Perceived Impact on Local Development—The Case of Pumalín Park. Sustainability 10(5):1584.
Hora, Benedikt. 2017. Do large private protected areas contribute to sustainable development? A case study from the
Huilo Huilo Biological Reserve in Neltume, Chile. J. Prot. Mt. Areas Res 9:5-14.
Igoe, Jim y Dan Brockington. 2007. Neoliberal conservation: a brief introduction. Conservation and society 5(4), 432-449.
Leach, Melissa, James Fairhead, James Fraser. 2012. Green grabs and biochar: revaluing African soils and farming in the new carbon economy. Journal of Peasant Studies 39, 285-307.
López, Ángeles y Gustavo Marín. 2010. Turismo, capitalismo y producción de lo exótico: Una perspectiva crítica para el estudio de la mercantilización del espacio y la cultura. Relaciones. Estudios de historia y sociedad 31(123), 219-258.
MacDonald, Kenneth Iain. (2010). Business, biodiversity and new ‘fields’ of conservation: The world conservation congress and the renegotiation of organisational order. Conservation and Society 8(4):256-275.
Martínez-Salgado, Carolina. 2012. El muestreo en investigación cualitativa: principios básicos y algunas controversias. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 17:613-619.
Marx, Karl. 2008 [1867]. El Capital. Crítica de la economía política del proceso de producción capitalista. Libro primero. México, DF: Siglo Veintiuno Editores.
Mondaca, Eduardo. 2013. Los despojados por el conservacionismo: el caso del pueblo Williche de Chiloé. Revista Lider 23, 133-148.
Nuñez, Andrés, Enrique Aliste y Álvaro Bello. 2014. El discurso del desarrollo en Patagonia-Aysén: la conservación y la protección de la naturaleza como dispositivos de una renovada colonización. Chile, siglos XX-XXI. Scripta nova. Revista electrónica de geografía y ciencias sociales 18(493). Recuperado de http://www.ub.edu/geocrit//sn/sn-493/493-46.pdf
Ojeda, Diana. 2012. Green pretexts: Ecotourism, neoliberal conservation and land grabbing in Tayrona National Natural Park, Colombia. Journal of Peasant Studies 39(2), 357-375.
Pauchard, Anibal y Pablo Villarroel. 2002. Protected areas in Chile. History, Current state and Challenges. Natural Areas Journal 22(4), 318-330.
Pokorny, Benno, James Johnson, Gabriel Medina y Lisa Hoch. 2012. Market-based conservation of the Amazon Forest: Revisiting Win-Win Expectations. Geoforum 43(3), 387-341.
Portes, Alejandro y Bryan Roberts. 2005. The free-market city: Latin American urbanization in the years of the neoliberal experiment. Studies in Comparative International Development 40(1), 43-82.
Quintana, Jesus y Stephen Morse. 2005. Social interactions and resource ownership in two private protected areas of Paraguay. Journal of Environmental management 77(1):64-78.
Rivera, Claudio y Arturo Vallejos-Romero. 2015. La privatización de la conservación en Chile: repensando la gobernanza ambiental. Bosque 36(1), 15-25.
Robbins, Paul. 2004. Political Ecology: A Critical Introduction. Blackwell Publishers.
Rocheleau, Dianne. 2015. Networked, rooted and territorial: green grabbing and resistance in Chiapas. Journal of Peasant Studies 42(3-4), 695-723.
Santos, María Inés. 2014. Viabilidad de la ganadería familiar en áreas protegidas de humedales, en un contexto sinérgico de intensificación agraria e inundaciones: Parque Nacional Esteros de Farrapos-Uruguay. Tesis de Doctorado. Córdoba, España: Instituto de Sociología y Estudios Campesinos, Universidad de Córdoba.
Sepúlveda, Claudia. 2004. ¿Cuánto hemos avanzado en conservación privada de la biodiversidad?: el aporte de las Áreas Protegidas Privadas en perspectiva. Revista Ambiente y Desarrollo 20, 75-79.
Sepúlveda, Claudia. 2003. Conservación de la biodiversidad en Chile: Actores y territorio, la conectividad que falta. Revista Austral de Ciencias Sociales (7), 111-128.
Sepúlveda, Claudia y Diego García. 1997. Cooperación público-privada como estrategia para la conservación de la biodiversidad en Chile. Revista Ambiente y Desarrollo 13(2), 59-68.
Sepúlveda, Claudia y Pablo Villaroel. 2006. Servicios ecosistémicos y financiamiento de la conservación privada en Chile. Revista ambiente y desarrollo 22(1), 12-20.
Serenari, Christopher, Nils Peterson, Tim Wallace y Paulina Stowhas. (2017). Indigenous perspectives on private protected areas in Chile. Natural Areas Journal, 37(1), 98-107.
Serenari, Christopher, Nils Peterson, Tim Wallace y Paulina Stowhas. 2016. Private protected areas, ecotourism development and impacts on local people’s well-being: a review from case studies in Southern Chile. Journal of sustainable tourism, 1-19. doi: 10.1080/09669582.2016.1178755
Serenari, Christopher, Nils Peterson, Yu-Fai Leung, Paulina Stowhas, Tim Wallace y Erin O. Sills. (2015). Private development-based forest conservation in Patagonia: Comparing mental models and revealing cultural truths. Ecology & Society, 20(3):4.
Smith, Neil. 2010. Uneven development: Nature, capital, and the production of space. Atlanta, GA: University of Georgia Press.
Sullivan, Sian. 2006. Elephant in the room? Problematising ‘new’(neoliberal) biodiversity conservation. Forum for Development Studies 33(1), 105-135.
Tecklin, David y Claudia Sepúlveda. 2014. The diverse properties of private land conservation in chile: growth and barriers to private protected areas in a market-friendly context. Conservation and Society 12(2), 203-217.
Teillier, Sebastián, Jorge Macaya-Berti, Catherinne Bonnemaison y Alicia Marticorena. 2013. Contribución al conocimiento de la flora vascular de la Reserva Biológica Huilo Huilo, Región de Los Ríos, Chile. Gayana. Botánica 70(2), 195-235.
Van Dyke, Fred. 2008. Conservation biology: foundations, concepts, applications. Netherlands: Springer Science & Business Media.
Zimmerer, Karl. (2000). The reworking of conservation geographies: Nonequilibrium landscapes and nature‐society hybrids. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 90(2), 356-369.
Zunino, Hugo. 2006. Power relations in urban decision-making: Neo-liberalism, 'Techno-politicians' and authoritarian redevelopment in Santiago, Chile. Urban Studies 43(10), 1825-1846.
Zunino, Hugo y Rodrigo Hidalgo. 2010. En busca de la utopía verde: migrantes de amenidad en la comuna de pucón, IX Región de La Araucanía, Chile. Scripta Nova, Revista Electrónica de Geografía y Ciencias Sociales 14(331):75.
Zumelzu, Lorena. 2014. Neltume, de una economía maderera a enclave del turismo de conservación: Una aproximación a las transformaciones económicas y socio-ambientales. Tesis de Grado. Valdivia, Chile: Instituto de Historia y Ciencias Sociales, Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades, Universidad Austral de Chile.
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2019-05-24
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Huiliñir-Curío, V., Marcelo Zunino, H., & De Matheus e Silva, L. F. (2019). Exclusión y desigualdad en localidades próximas a la Reserva Ecológica Privada Huilo-Huilo en el sur de Chile. ACME: An International Journal for Critical Geographies, 18(2), 335–363. https://doi.org/10.14288/acme.v18i2.1591
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