Trialing Analytic Metaphors for Socio-political Economic Alterity
Epiphytes and Slime Molds
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14288/acme.v18i6.1346Keywords:
alternative economies, diverse economies, community economies, metaphors, weak theoryAbstract
Many geographers researching alternative and diverse economies, particularly those following Gibson-Graham, have resisted attempts to systematize emerging non-capitalist orders so as to avoid closing off plural possible futures. We argue that researchers can hold open “spaces of becoming” while still engaging in comparative studies of diverse organizational forms. Yet we also embrace Gibson-Graham’s concerns, particularly regarding power inequalities and hegemonic ideologies embedded in scholarly analyses. Found (at-hand) conceptual metaphors from unexpected domains may be useful for analyses of power in socio-political economies. We explore the utility of two possible conceptual metaphors for socio-political economic formations drawn from biology: epiphytes and slime molds. Each candidate metaphor highlights distinctive relational patterns of power and invites further analysis of the desirability of formations that echo their patterns.
References
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Brown, Gavin. 2009. Thinking beyond homonormativity: Performative explorations of diverse gay economies. Environment and Planning A 41(6), 1496-510.
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Cameron, Jenny. 2015. enterprise innovation and economic diversity in community supported agriculture: Sustaining the agricultural commons. In Making Other Worlds Possible: Performing Diverse Economies, edited by Gerda Roelvink, Kevin St. Martin, and J. K. Gibson-Graham. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, pp. 53-71.
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Christensen, Paul P. 1994. Fire, motion, and productivity: The proto-energetics of nature and economy in François Quesnay. In, Philip Mirowski (ed.), Natural Images in Economic Thought. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, pp. 249-87.
Cornwell, Janelle. 2012. Worker co-operatives and spaces of possibility: An investigation of subject space at collective copies. Antipode 44(3), 725-44.
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Hill, Ann. 2011. A helping hand and many green thumbs: Local government, citizens and the growth of a community-based food economy. Local Environment 16(6), 539-53.
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Ince, Anthony. 2012.“In the shell of the old: Anarchist geographies of territorialisation. Antipode 44(5), 1645-66.
Iveson, Kurt. 2010. Some critical reflections on being critical: Reading for deviance, dominance or difference? City 14(4), 434-41.
Johnson, Peter, Cheryl Conway, and Paul Kattuman. 1999. Small business growth in the short run. Small Business Economics 12(2), 103-12.
Kaniasty, Krzysztof, and Fran H. Norris. 1995. In search of altruistic community: Patterns of social support mobilization following Hurricane Hugo. American Journal of Community Psychology 23(4), 447-77.
Kelly, Philip F. 2001. Metaphors of meltdown: Political representations of economic space in the asian financial crisis. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 19(6), 719-42.
Kropotkin, Peter and Roger N. Baldwin (ed.). 1927. Kropotkin’s Revolutionary Pamphlets: A Collection of Writings by Peter Kropotkin. New York, NY: Vanguard Press.
Lawhon, Mary, Henrik Ernstson, Jonathan Silver, and Joseph Pierce. 2016. Unlearning (un)located ideas in the provincialization of urban theory. Regional Studies, 50(9), 1611-22.
Lee, Roger. 2006. The Ordinary Economy: Tangled up in values and geography. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographies 31(4), 413-32.
Lee, Roger, Andrew Leyshon, and Adrian Smith. 2008. Rethinking economies/economic geographies. Geoforum 39(3), 1111-15.
Lefebvre, Henri. 1991. The Production of Space. Translated by Donald Nicholson-Smith. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing.
Leyshon, Andrew, Roger Lee, and Colin C. Williams. 2003. Alternative Economic Spaces. London, UK: Sage.
Limoges, Camille, and Claude Ménard. 1994. Organization and the division of labor: Biological metaphors at work in Alfred Marshall’s principles of economics. In, Philip Mirowski (ed.), Natural Images in Economic Thought. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, pp. 336-59.
Love, Heather. 2010. Truth and consequences: On paranoid reading and reparative reading. Criticism 52(2), 235-41.
Marcuse, Peter. 2009. From critical urban theory to the right to the city. City 13(2-3), 185-97.
McCormack, Derek. 2012. Geography and abstraction: Towards an affirmative critique. Progress in Human Geography 36(6), 715-34.
McGuirk, Pauline. 2011. Assembling geographical knowledges of changing worlds. Dialogues in Human Geography 1(3), 336-41.
Mckinnon, Katharine. 2016. Naked scholarship: Prefiguring a new world through uncertain development geographies. Geographical Research 55(3) 344-49.
North, Peter. 2010. Alternative currency networks as utopian practice. Global Ecological Politics: Advances in Ecopolitics 5, 73-88.
Pierce, Joseph, and Olivia R. Williams. 2016. Against power? Distinguishing between acquisitive resistance and subversion. Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography 98(3), 171-88.
Poovey, Mary. 1996. Accommodating merchants: Accounting, civility, and the natural laws of gender. Differences: A Journal of Feminist Cultural Studies 8(3), 1-21.
Price-Chalita, Patricia. 1994. Spatial metaphor and the politics of empowerment: Mapping a place for feminism and postmodernism in geography?. Antipode 26(3), 236-54.
Purcell, Mark. 2014. Rancière and revolution. Space and Polity, 18(2), 168-81.
Safri, Maliha, and Julie Graham. 2010. The global household: Toward a feminist postcapitalist international political economy. Signs 36(1), 99-125.
Sedgwick, Eve K. 1997. Paranoid reading and reparative reading; Or, you’re so paranoid, you probably think this introduction is about you. In, Eve Sedgwick (ed.) Novel Gazing: Queer Readings in Fiction. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, pp. 1-40.
Sedgwick, Eve K. 2003. Touching, Feeling: Affect, Pedagogy, Performativity. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Smith, Adrian, and Alison Stenning. 2006. Beyond household economies: Articulations and spaces of economic practice in postsocialism. Progress in Human Geography 30(2), 190-213.
Springer, Simon. 2014. Human geography without hierarchy. Progress in Human Geography 38(3), 402-19.
Springer, Simon. 2016. The Anarchist Roots of Geography: Toward Spatial Emancipation. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
Springer, Simon. 2017. Earth Writing. GeoHumanities 3(1), 1-19.
Springer, Simon, Marcelo Lopes de Souza, and Richard J. White (eds.). 2016. The Radicalization of Pedagogy: Anarchism, Geography, and the Spirit of Revolt. New York, NY: Rowman & Littlefield International.
Springer, Simon, Anthony Ince, Jenny Pickerill, Gavin Brown, and Adam J. Barker. 2012. Reanimating anarchist geographies: A new burst of colour. Antipode 44(5), 1591-1604.
St. Martin, Kevin. 2005. Mapping economic diversity in the first world: The case of fisheries. Environment and Planning A 37(6), 959-79.
Stewart, Kathleen. 2008. Weak theory in an unfinished world. Journal of Folklore Research 45(1), 71-82.
Swyngedouw, Erik. 2011. Interrogating post-democratization: Reclaiming egalitarian political spaces. Political Geography, 30(7), 370-80.
Swyngedouw, Erik. 2010. The Communist Hypothesis and revolutionary capitalisms: Exploring the idea of communist geographies for the twenty-first century. Antipode 41(1), 298-319.
Tomkins, Silvan. 1963. Affect Imagery Consciousness: Volume II: The Negative Affects. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company.
Tsing, Anna. 2012. On nonscalability: The living world is not amenable to precision-nested scales. Common Knowledge 18(3), 505-24.
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White, Richard J., and Colin C. Williams. 2012. The pervasive nature of heterodox economic spaces at a time of neoliberal crisis: Towards a ‘postneoliberal’ anarchist future. Antipode 44(5), 1625-44.
White, Richard J., Simon Springer, and Marcelo Lopes de Souza, (eds). 2016. The Practice of Freedom: Anarchism, Geography, and the Spirit of Revolt. New York, NY: Rowman & Littlefield International.
Whitehead Alfred N. 1967. Science and the Modern World. New York, NY: The Free Press.
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Wiklund, Johan, and Dean Shepherd. 2003. Aspiring for, and achieving growth: The moderating role of resources and opportunities. Journal of Management Studies 40(8), 1919-41.
Woodyer, Tara, and Hilary Geoghegan. 2013. (Re)enchanting geography? The nature of being critical and the character of critique in human geography. Progress in Human Geography 37(2), 195-214.
Wright, Sarah. 2015. More-than-human, emergent belongings: A weak theory approach. Progress in Human Geography 39(4), 391-411.
Zitcer, Andrew. 2013. Honest weights and measures: Practicing moral consumption and participatory democracy in urban food cooperatives. Dissertation, Rutgers University.
Albinsson, Pia A., and B. Yasanthi Perera. 2012. Alternative marketplaces in the 21st century: Building community through sharing events. Journal of Consumer Behaviour 11(4), 303-15.
Alborn, Timothy L. 1994. Economic man, economic machine: Images of circulation in the Victorian money market. In, Philip Mirowski (ed.), Natural Images in Economic Thought. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 249-87.
Ambinder, Eric, David M. Jennings, Isadora Blachman-Biatch, Keith Edgemon, Peter Hull, Anna Taylor, Terry Ebbert, Michael McDonald, Stephen Chabolla, and Daniel Kaniewski. 2013. The resilient social network: @OccupySandy #SuperstormSandy. RP12-01.04.11-01. Falls Church, VA: Homeland Security Studies and Analysis Institute. Retrieved at: http://homelandsecurity.org/docs/the%20resilient%20social%20network.pdf.
Badiou, Alain. 2008. The Communist Hypothesis. New Left Review 49, 29-42.
Barnes, T. J., and M. R. Curry. 1992. Postmodernism in Economic Geography: Metaphor and the construction of alterity. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 10(1), 57-68.
Barnwell, A. 2016. Creative paranoia: Affect and social method” Emotion, Space and Society 20, 10-17.
Block, Fred. 2012. Varieties of what? Should we still be using the concept of capitalism? In, Julian Go (ed.), Political Power and Social Theory Volume 23. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, pp. 269-91.
Brown, Gavin. 2009. Thinking beyond homonormativity: Performative explorations of diverse gay economies. Environment and Planning A 41(6), 1496-510.
Brown, Gavin, Kath Browne, Michael Brown, Gerda Roelvink, Michelle Carnegie, and Ben Anderson. 2011. Sedgwick’s geographies: Touching space. Progress in Human Geography 35(1), 121-31.
Cameron, Jenny. 2010, Business as usual or economic innovations? Work, markets and growth in community enterprises, Third Sector Review 16(2) 93-108.
Cameron, Jenny. 2015. enterprise innovation and economic diversity in community supported agriculture: Sustaining the agricultural commons. In Making Other Worlds Possible: Performing Diverse Economies, edited by Gerda Roelvink, Kevin St. Martin, and J. K. Gibson-Graham. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, pp. 53-71.
Cameron, Jenny, and J. K. Gibson-Graham. 2003. Feminising the economy: Metaphors, strategies, politics. Gender, Place & Culture 10(2), 145-57.
Carter, Nancy M., and Kathleen R. Allen. 1997. Size determinants of women-owned businesses: Choice or barriers to resources? Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 9(3), 211-20.
Christensen, Paul P. 1994. Fire, motion, and productivity: The proto-energetics of nature and economy in François Quesnay. In, Philip Mirowski (ed.), Natural Images in Economic Thought. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, pp. 249-87.
Cornwell, Janelle. 2012. Worker co-operatives and spaces of possibility: An investigation of subject space at collective copies. Antipode 44(3), 725-44.
Crabtree, Louise. 2008. The role of tenure, work and cooperativism in sustainable urban livelihoods. ACME: An International E-Journal for Critical Geographies 7(2), 260-82.
Cudd, Ann E. 2007. Sporting metaphors: Competition and the ethos of capitalism. Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 34(1), 52-67.
Daya, Shari, and Raksha Authar. 2012. Self, others and objects in an ‘alternative economy’: Personal narratives from the Heiveld Rooibos Cooperative. Geoforum 43(5), 885-93.
de Souza, Marcelo Lopes, Richard J. White, and Simon Springer (eds.). 2016. Theories of Resistance: Anarchism, Geography, and the Spirit of Revolt. London, UK: Rowman & Littlefield International.
DeFilippis, J. 2003. Unmaking Goliath: Community Control in the Face of Global Capital. New York, NY: Routledge.
Deleuze, Gilles, and Felix Guattari. 1987. A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia. Translated by Brian Massumi. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
DeMartino, George. 2013. ethical economic engagement in a world beyond control. Rethinking Marxism 25(4), 483-500.
Eisenstadt, Nathan. 2016. Non-domination: Governmentality and the care of the self. In Theories of Resistance: Anarchism, Geography, and the Spirit of Revolt, edited by Marcelo Lopes de Souza, Richard J. White Reader in Economic Geography, and Simon Springer. London, UK: Rowman & Littlefield International, pp. 27-50
Fickey, Amanda. 2011. ‘The focus has to be on helping people make a living’: Exploring diverse economies and alternative economic spaces. Geography Compass 5(5), 237-48.
Fuller, Duncan, and Andrew E. G. Jonas. 2003. Alternative financial spaces. In, Andrew Leyshon, Roger Lee, and Colin C. Williams (eds.), Alternative Economic Spaces. London, UK: Sage, pp. 55-73.
Fuller, Duncan, Andrew E. G. Jonas, and Roger Lee (eds.). 2010. Interrogating Alterity. Burlington, VT: Ashgate.
Gibson-Graham, J. K. 2006. A Postcapitalist Politics. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
Gibson-Graham, J. K. 1996. Querying globalization. Rethinking Marxism 9(1), 1-27.
Graham, Julie, and Janelle Cornwell. 2013. Building community economies in Massachusetts: an emerging model of economic development. In, Ash Amin (ed.), The Social Economy: International Perspectives on Economic Solidarity, London, UK: Zed Books, pp. 37-65.
Harvey, David. 2000. Spaces of Hope. Berkley, CA: University of California Press.
Healy, Stephen, and Graham, Julie. 2008. Building community economies: A postcapitalist project of sustainable development. In David F. Ruccio (ed.), Economic Representations: Academic and Everyday. New York, NY: Routledge, pp. 291-314.
Hill, Ann. 2011. A helping hand and many green thumbs: Local government, citizens and the growth of a community-based food economy. Local Environment 16(6), 539-53.
Huang, Kerry. 2015. Inside story: What Occupy Sandy’s disaster relief model taught me about organizing to meet our neighborhoods’ greatest needs. Iobi. July 16. Retrieved at: https://www.ioby.org/blog/inside-story-what-occupy-sandys-disaster-relief-model-taught-me-about-organizing-to-meet-our-neighborhoods-greatest-needs.
Headd, Brian. 2003. Redefining business success: Distinguishing between closure and failure. Small Business Economics 21(1), 51-61.
Holloway, John. 2005. Change the World without Taking Power (2nd edition). London, UK: Pluto Press.
Ince, Anthony. 2012.“In the shell of the old: Anarchist geographies of territorialisation. Antipode 44(5), 1645-66.
Iveson, Kurt. 2010. Some critical reflections on being critical: Reading for deviance, dominance or difference? City 14(4), 434-41.
Johnson, Peter, Cheryl Conway, and Paul Kattuman. 1999. Small business growth in the short run. Small Business Economics 12(2), 103-12.
Kaniasty, Krzysztof, and Fran H. Norris. 1995. In search of altruistic community: Patterns of social support mobilization following Hurricane Hugo. American Journal of Community Psychology 23(4), 447-77.
Kelly, Philip F. 2001. Metaphors of meltdown: Political representations of economic space in the asian financial crisis. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 19(6), 719-42.
Kropotkin, Peter and Roger N. Baldwin (ed.). 1927. Kropotkin’s Revolutionary Pamphlets: A Collection of Writings by Peter Kropotkin. New York, NY: Vanguard Press.
Lawhon, Mary, Henrik Ernstson, Jonathan Silver, and Joseph Pierce. 2016. Unlearning (un)located ideas in the provincialization of urban theory. Regional Studies, 50(9), 1611-22.
Lee, Roger. 2006. The Ordinary Economy: Tangled up in values and geography. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographies 31(4), 413-32.
Lee, Roger, Andrew Leyshon, and Adrian Smith. 2008. Rethinking economies/economic geographies. Geoforum 39(3), 1111-15.
Lefebvre, Henri. 1991. The Production of Space. Translated by Donald Nicholson-Smith. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing.
Leyshon, Andrew, Roger Lee, and Colin C. Williams. 2003. Alternative Economic Spaces. London, UK: Sage.
Limoges, Camille, and Claude Ménard. 1994. Organization and the division of labor: Biological metaphors at work in Alfred Marshall’s principles of economics. In, Philip Mirowski (ed.), Natural Images in Economic Thought. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, pp. 336-59.
Love, Heather. 2010. Truth and consequences: On paranoid reading and reparative reading. Criticism 52(2), 235-41.
Marcuse, Peter. 2009. From critical urban theory to the right to the city. City 13(2-3), 185-97.
McCormack, Derek. 2012. Geography and abstraction: Towards an affirmative critique. Progress in Human Geography 36(6), 715-34.
McGuirk, Pauline. 2011. Assembling geographical knowledges of changing worlds. Dialogues in Human Geography 1(3), 336-41.
Mckinnon, Katharine. 2016. Naked scholarship: Prefiguring a new world through uncertain development geographies. Geographical Research 55(3) 344-49.
North, Peter. 2010. Alternative currency networks as utopian practice. Global Ecological Politics: Advances in Ecopolitics 5, 73-88.
Pierce, Joseph, and Olivia R. Williams. 2016. Against power? Distinguishing between acquisitive resistance and subversion. Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography 98(3), 171-88.
Poovey, Mary. 1996. Accommodating merchants: Accounting, civility, and the natural laws of gender. Differences: A Journal of Feminist Cultural Studies 8(3), 1-21.
Price-Chalita, Patricia. 1994. Spatial metaphor and the politics of empowerment: Mapping a place for feminism and postmodernism in geography?. Antipode 26(3), 236-54.
Purcell, Mark. 2014. Rancière and revolution. Space and Polity, 18(2), 168-81.
Safri, Maliha, and Julie Graham. 2010. The global household: Toward a feminist postcapitalist international political economy. Signs 36(1), 99-125.
Sedgwick, Eve K. 1997. Paranoid reading and reparative reading; Or, you’re so paranoid, you probably think this introduction is about you. In, Eve Sedgwick (ed.) Novel Gazing: Queer Readings in Fiction. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, pp. 1-40.
Sedgwick, Eve K. 2003. Touching, Feeling: Affect, Pedagogy, Performativity. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Smith, Adrian, and Alison Stenning. 2006. Beyond household economies: Articulations and spaces of economic practice in postsocialism. Progress in Human Geography 30(2), 190-213.
Springer, Simon. 2014. Human geography without hierarchy. Progress in Human Geography 38(3), 402-19.
Springer, Simon. 2016. The Anarchist Roots of Geography: Toward Spatial Emancipation. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
Springer, Simon. 2017. Earth Writing. GeoHumanities 3(1), 1-19.
Springer, Simon, Marcelo Lopes de Souza, and Richard J. White (eds.). 2016. The Radicalization of Pedagogy: Anarchism, Geography, and the Spirit of Revolt. New York, NY: Rowman & Littlefield International.
Springer, Simon, Anthony Ince, Jenny Pickerill, Gavin Brown, and Adam J. Barker. 2012. Reanimating anarchist geographies: A new burst of colour. Antipode 44(5), 1591-1604.
St. Martin, Kevin. 2005. Mapping economic diversity in the first world: The case of fisheries. Environment and Planning A 37(6), 959-79.
Stewart, Kathleen. 2008. Weak theory in an unfinished world. Journal of Folklore Research 45(1), 71-82.
Swyngedouw, Erik. 2011. Interrogating post-democratization: Reclaiming egalitarian political spaces. Political Geography, 30(7), 370-80.
Swyngedouw, Erik. 2010. The Communist Hypothesis and revolutionary capitalisms: Exploring the idea of communist geographies for the twenty-first century. Antipode 41(1), 298-319.
Tomkins, Silvan. 1963. Affect Imagery Consciousness: Volume II: The Negative Affects. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company.
Tsing, Anna. 2012. On nonscalability: The living world is not amenable to precision-nested scales. Common Knowledge 18(3), 505-24.
Ward, Colin, 1966. Anarchism as a theory of organization. Retrieved at: http://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/colin-ward-anarchism-as-a-theory-of-organization.
White, Richard J., and Colin C. Williams. 2012. The pervasive nature of heterodox economic spaces at a time of neoliberal crisis: Towards a ‘postneoliberal’ anarchist future. Antipode 44(5), 1625-44.
White, Richard J., Simon Springer, and Marcelo Lopes de Souza, (eds). 2016. The Practice of Freedom: Anarchism, Geography, and the Spirit of Revolt. New York, NY: Rowman & Littlefield International.
Whitehead Alfred N. 1967. Science and the Modern World. New York, NY: The Free Press.
Williams, Miriam. 2017. Searching for actually existing justice in the city. Urban Studies 54(1), 2217-31.
Wiklund, Johan, and Dean Shepherd. 2003. Aspiring for, and achieving growth: The moderating role of resources and opportunities. Journal of Management Studies 40(8), 1919-41.
Woodyer, Tara, and Hilary Geoghegan. 2013. (Re)enchanting geography? The nature of being critical and the character of critique in human geography. Progress in Human Geography 37(2), 195-214.
Wright, Sarah. 2015. More-than-human, emergent belongings: A weak theory approach. Progress in Human Geography 39(4), 391-411.
Zitcer, Andrew. 2013. Honest weights and measures: Practicing moral consumption and participatory democracy in urban food cooperatives. Dissertation, Rutgers University.
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2019-12-16
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Williams, O. R., & Pierce, J. (2019). Trialing Analytic Metaphors for Socio-political Economic Alterity: Epiphytes and Slime Molds. ACME: An International Journal for Critical Geographies, 18(6), 1283–1299. https://doi.org/10.14288/acme.v18i6.1346
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