“They Were Looking at Us Like We Were Bad People”: Growing Up Policed in the Gentrifying, Still Disinvested City

Authors

  • Caitlin Cahill Pratt Institute
  • Brett G. Stoudt The Graduate Center of the City University of New York
  • María Elena Torre The Graduate Center of the City University of New York
  • Darian X Make the Road New York
  • Amanda Matles The Graduate Center, City University of New York
  • Kimberly Belmonte The Graduate Center, City University of New York
  • Selma Djokovic The Graduate Center of the City University of New York
  • Jose Lopez Make the Road New York
  • Adilka Pimentel Make the Road New York

Keywords:

young people, broken-windows policing, gentrification, slow violence, criminalization, racial capitalism

Abstract

In this essay we explore how the politics of global urban restructuring and broken windows policing collude to criminalize and dehumanize communities of color. Drawing upon the intergenerational participatory action research project, Growing Up Policed, our research centers young people of color’s intimate knowledge about the differentiated realms that violence is endured, felt and resisted in their everyday lives. Tracking the “heavy surveillance” of young people growing up in gentrifying, still disinvested New York City, we explore how the spectacle of criminalization obfuscates state violence as it justifies the displacement of communities of color. Our analysis traces how young people of color understand and challenge the “carceral continuum” (Sharpe, 2014), raising critical questions about witnessing, recognition, visibility, and erasure that may be relevant for the current political moment. To conclude, we call for investing in the community as part of imagining an emancipatory urban future.

References


Alexander, Michelle 2012 The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness. The New Press.


Appadurai, Arjun 2006 The Right to Research. Globalisation, Societies and Education 4(2): 167–177.


Arendt, Hannah 1973 The Origins of Totalitarianism, vol.244. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.


Auletta, Ken 1982 The Underclass. Random House.


Berlant, Lauren Gail 2011 Cruel Optimism. Duke University Press.


Berman, Marshall 1987 Ruins and reforms-New-York yesterday and today. Dissent 34(4): 421–424.


Billies, Michelle 2016 Impossible Compliance: Policing as Violent Struggle over Bodies and Urban Space. Metropolitics.

Black Lives Matter 2019 BlackLivesMatter.org.

Black Youth Project 100 2019 BYP100.org.


Cacho, Lisa Marie 2012 Social Death: Racialized Rightlessness and the Criminalization of the Unprotected. NYU Press.


Camp, Jordan T., and Christina Heatherton 2016 Policing the Planet: Why the Policing Crisis Led to Black Lives Matter. Verso Books.


Coates, Ta-Nehisi 2015 Moynihan, Mass Incarceration, and Responsibility. The Atlantic.


Coates, Ta-Nehisi 2014 The Case for Reparations. The Atlantic, May 21. http://www.theatlantic.com/features/archive/2014/05/the-case-for-reparations/361631/, accessed August 15, 2014.


Cowen, Deborah, and Nemoy Lewis 2017 Revanchism and the Racial State. Gentrification as a Global Strategy: Neil Smith and Beyond: 269.


Davis, M. 1992 Fortress Los Angeles: The Militarization of Urban Space. In Variations on a Theme Park. M. Sorkin, ed. New York: Noonday Press.


Dawson, Michael C. 2016 Hidden in Plain Sight: A Note on Legitimation Crises and the Racial Order. Critical Historical Studies 3(1): 143–161.


Delgado Bernal, Dolores, Rebeca Burciaga, and Judith Flores Carmona 2012 Chicana/Latina Testimonios: Mapping the Methodological, Pedagogical, and Political. Equity & Excellence in Education 45(3): 363–372.


Derickson, Kate Driscoll 2016 Urban Geography II Urban Geography in the Age of Ferguson. Progress in Human Geography.


Dowler, Lorraine, and Jenna Christian forthcoming The Gendered Binary: A Feminist Critique of Slow and Fast Violence. ACME: An International E-Journal for Critical Geographies.


Fine, Michelle, and Jessica Ruglis 2009 Circuits and Consequences of Dispossession: The Racialized Realignment of the Public Sphere for U.s. Youth. Transforming Anthropology 17(1): 20–33.


Foucault, M. 1975 Discipline and Punish. New York: Vintage Books.


Freire, P. 1997 Pedagogy of the Oppressed. Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin Books.


Gilmore, Ruth Wilson 2002 Fatal Couplings of Power and Difference: Notes on Racism and Geography. The Professional Geographer 54: 15–24.

Gilmore, Ruth Wilson 2007 In Golden Gulag: Prisons, Surplus, Crisis, and Opposition in Globalizing California. 1st edition. University of California Press.

Gilmore, Ruth Wilson 2012 “Partition,” Keynote Presented at “Decolonize the City! Decoloniale Perspektiven Auf Die Neoliberal Stadt,” Berlin.


Gilmore, Ruth Wilson, and Craig Gilmore 2016 Beyond Bratton. Policing the Planet: Why the Policing Crisis Led to Black Lives Matter: 173–199.


Greenberg, Miriam 2009 Branding New York: How a City in Crisis Was Sold to the World. Routledge.


Hale, Charles R. 2008 Engaging Contradictions: Theory, Politics, and Methods of Activist Scholarship. Univ of California Press.


Hall, S. 1997 The Work of Representation. In Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices. S. Hall, ed. Pp. 13–74. London: Sage Publications.


Hall, S., C. Critcher, J. Clarke T Jefferson, et al. 1978 Policing The Crisis: Mugging, The State And Law And Order. Palgrave.


Hanhardt, Christina B. 2013 Safe Space: Gay Neighborhood History and the Politics of Violence. Duke University Press.


Harcourt, Bernard E. 2009 Illusion of Order: The False Promise of Broken Windows Policing. Harvard University Press.


Herbert, S. K., and K. Beckett 2009 Banished: The New Social Control in Urban America. New York: Oxford University Press.


Katz, Cindi 2015 Domesticating the Crisis, James Blaut Award and Memorial Lecture. Lecture, Chicago: American Association of Geographers.


Kelley, Robin DG 1997 Yo’ Mama’s Disfunktional!: Fighting the Culture Wars in Urban America. Beacon Press.

Loyd, Jenna M., Matt Mitchelson, and Andrew Burridge. 2013. Beyond Walls and Cages: Prisons, Borders, and Global Crisis. Vol. 14. University of Georgia Press.


Massey, D.S., and N.A. Denton 1993 American Apartheid: Segregation & the Making of the Underclass. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.


McKittrick, Katherine 2006 Demonic Grounds: Black Women and the Cartographies of Struggle. U of Minnesota Press.

McKittrick, Katherine 2014 Mathematics Black Life. The Black Scholar 44(2): 16–28.


Melamed, Jodi 2015 Racial Capitalism. Critical Ethnic Studies 1(1): 76–85.


Mirzoeff, Nicholas 2011 The Right to Look: A Counterhistory of Visuality.


Moraga, Cherríe, and Gloria Anzaldúa 1983 This Bridge Called My Back: Radical Writings by Women of Color. New York: Kitchen Table Press.


Moynihan, Daniel 1965 The Negro Family: The Case For National Action. Washington, DC: Office of Policy Planning and Research, United States Department of Labor.


Newman, Kathe, and Elvin K. Wyly 2006 The Right to Stay Put, Revisited: Gentrification and Resistance to Displacement in New York City. Urban Studies 43(1): 23–57.


Pain, Rachel 2014 Everyday Terrorism Connecting Domestic Violence and Global Terrorism. Progress in Human Geography 38(4): 531–550.


Pain, Rachel, and Lynn Staeheli 2014 Introduction: Intimacy-Geopolitics and Violence. Area 46(4): 344–347.


Pratt, Geraldine, and Victoria Rosner 2012 Introduction: The Global & the Intimate. In The Global and the Intimate: Feminism In Our Time. Geraldine Pratt and Victoria Rosner, eds. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.


Schulman, Sarah 2013 The Gentrification of the Mind: Witness to a Lost Imagination. Reprint edition. Berkeley: University of California Press.


Shabazz, Rashad 2015 Spatializing Blackness: Architectures of Confinement and Black Masculinity in Chicago. University of Illinois Press.


Smith, Neil 2001 Global Social Cleansing: Postliberal Revanchism and the Export of Zero Tolerance. Social Justice: 68–74.

Smith, Neil 1996 The New Urban Frontier: Gentrification and the Revanchist City. Routledge.


Stoudt, Brett G., Michelle Fine, and Madeline Fox 2011 Growing up Policed in the Age of Aggressive Policing Policies. New York Law School Law Review 56: 1331.


Torre, María Elena, and M. Fine 2006 Participatory Action Research (PAR) by Youth. In Youth Activism: An International Encyclopedia. L. Sherrod, ed. Pp. 456–462. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group.


Torre, María Elena, Michelle Fine, Brett G. Stoudt, and Madeline Fox 2012 Critical Participatory Action Research as Public Science. In APA Handbook of Research Methods in Psychology, Vol 2: Research Designs: Quantitative, Qualitative, Neuropsychological, and Biological. H. Cooper, P. M. Camic, D. L. Long, et al., eds. Pp. 171–184. Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association.


Vitale, Alex S. 2014 We Don’t Just Need Nicer Cops. We Need Fewer Cops. The Nation, December 4.

Vitale, Alex S. 2017 The End of Policing. Verso Books.


Vitale, Alex S., and Brian Jordan Jefferson 2016 The Emergence of Command and Control Policing in Neoliberal New York. Policing the Planet: Why the Poling Crisis Led to Black Lives Matter: 157–172.


Wallace, Deborah, and Roderick Wallace 1998 A Plague on Both Your Houses. New York: Verso.


Wilder, Craig 2001 A Covenant with Color: Race and Social Power in Brooklyn. New York: Columbia University Press.


Wright, M.W. 2004 From Protests to Politics: Sex Work, Women’s Worth, and Ciudad Juárez Modernity. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 94: 269–286.

Downloads

Published

2019-10-03

How to Cite

Cahill, C., Stoudt, B. G., Torre, M. E., X, D., Matles, A., Belmonte, K., … Pimentel, A. (2019). “They Were Looking at Us Like We Were Bad People”: Growing Up Policed in the Gentrifying, Still Disinvested City. ACME: An International Journal for Critical Geographies, 18(5), 1128–1149. Retrieved from https://acme-journal.org/index.php/acme/article/view/1733

Issue

Section

Special Issue - Slow Violence (Guest Eds. Caitlin Cahill & Rachel Pain)